|
The National War Correspondents Memorial, part of Gathland State Park, is a memorial dedicated to journalists who died in war. It is located in Maryland, at Crampton's Gap at South Mountain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=War Correspondents Memorial Arch )〕 Civil War correspondent George Alfred Townsend, or "Gath", built the arch in 1896,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Civil War Correspondents Memorial Arch: George Alfred Townsend )〕 and it was dedicated October 16, 1896.〔 It is claimed that the arch is the only monument in the world dedicated to journalists killed in combat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prelude to great struggle at Antietam )〕 However, a tree in Arlington National Cemetery was also dedicated as a war correspondents' memorial in 1986.〔''(Journalists At Risk: Reporting America's Wars )'', p9, George Sullivan, Twentieth Century Books, 2005. Also see http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/reporters.htm . In addition, there are at least two prominent US monuments more broadly commemorating journalists killed in combat or otherwise in the line of duty - the Overseas Press Club Memorial Press Center building in New York City which was dedicated in 1954 (); and the Freedom Forum Journalists Memorial in Freedom Park, Arlington, Virginia, dedicated in 1996 (). The Journalists Memorial monument with a similar broad dedication and purportedly the first of its kind in Europe, was inaugurated by Reporters Without Borders in Bayeux, France in 2006 ()〕 ==Description== The book ''George Alfred Townsend'' describes the monument: In appearance the monument is quite odd. It is fifty feet high and forty feet broad. Above a Moorish arch sixteen feet high built of Hummelstown purple stone are super-imposed three Roman arches. These are flanked on one side with a square crenellated tower, producing a bizarre and picturesque effect. Niches in different places shelter the carving of two horses' heads, and symbolic terra cotta statuettes of Mercury, Electricity and Poetry. Tables under the horses' heads bear the suggestive words "Speed" and "Heed"; the heads are over the Roman arches. The three Roman arches are made of limestone from Creek Battlefield, Virginia, and each is nine feet high and six feet wide. These arches represent Description, Depiction and Photography. This account errs in that "Speed" and "Heed" appear under the heads of Electricity and Poetry, and the "statue of Pan" is actually a zinc copy of Bertel Thorvaldsen's ''Mercury About to Kill Argos'' created by the J.W. Fiske Company.〔Grissom, Carol A. ‘’Zinc Sculpture in America: 1850-1950’’, University of Delaware Press, Newark, 2009 pp. 224-224〕 Monument Text: Although Townsend retained ownership of the property until his death in 1914, maintenance of the monument itself was entrusted to the National Park Service- then the War Department - in 1904. The monument's plaques lists 157 names which are sometimes assumed to be all war correspondents. In the late 1990s, local historian Timothy J. Reese analyzed the list and asserted that only 135 can claim to be war correspondents or artists, and 33 of those are not identifiable in the historical record. Furthermore, many names are misstated and several important names are missing.〔〔"War correspondents arch contains monumental errors", Associated Press, April 2, 1998, retrieved via Factiva; ("The Truth About the War Memorial to Fallen Journalists" ), Timothy J. Reese, History News Network, George Mason University, posted October 6, 2003, accessed January 10, 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National War Correspondents Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|